Warren A. Lyon at Angel Ronan is being granted the 2025 Law Society Award in Jurisprudence for the following analysis. The Supreme Court case R. v. Patrick addressed whether police searching through garbage bags placed out for collection on a person's property violates the individual's right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The court ultimately ruled that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in garbage placed out for collection, meaning police can search it without violating the Charter. Garbage remains property in our legal tradition and expectations and a warrant should be sought. If it was seized as evidence without a warrant then it is a section 8 violation but the police could seek remedies under a s.24 application. We have cases like R v. Oikle and others that remind us that police are human too and they sometimes abuse their power and the law. It is submitted that this case is wrongly decided since there is no way to be sure the evidence was not planted by the police or maybe any passers-by could have placed their own garbage in that bag. It was overruled on Appeal. The issue is that if you say there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in garbage placed out for collection, then there is no expectations of continuity in its contents so you can't say the contents of the bag disclose anything about any one particular individual or household.There is no point in pretending there is credible evidence that can be used against anyone. It has low probative value. It's a boring job sometimes and it's not about social authority but someone has to do it. By Warren A. Lyon.

 



Warren A. Lyon at Angel Ronan is being granted the  2025 Law Society Award in  Jurisprudence for the following analysis. 



The Supreme Court case R. v. Patrick addressed whether police searching through garbage bags placed out for collection on a person's property violates the individual's right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The court ultimately ruled that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in garbage placed out for collection, meaning police can search it without violating the Charter.  Garbage remains property in our

 legal tradition and expectations and a warrant

 should be sought.  If it was seized as evidence 

without a warrant then it is a section 8 violation

 but the police could seek remedies under a s.24 application.  


We have cases like R v. Oikle and others that 

remind us that police are human too and they

 sometimes abuse their power and the law. 

It is submitted that this case is wrongly 

 decided since there is no way to be 

sure the evidence was not planted

 by the police or maybe any 

passers-by could have placed

 their own garbage in that bag. 

 It was overruled on Appeal.  The issue is that if you say there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in garbage placed out for collection, then there is no expectations of continuity in its contents so you can't say the contents of the bag disclose  anything about any one particular individual or household.There is no point in pretending there is credible evidence that can  be used against anyone. It has low probative value.

It's a boring job sometimes and it's not about social authority  but someone has to do it.

By Warren A. Lyon.

Here's a more detailed explanation:

+12
In UK law, garbage, or waste, is treated as a form of property with associated legal responsibilities. The legal framework aims to manage waste responsibly, ensuring it's handled appropriately from its creation to disposal. This includes provisions for both household and commercial waste, with specific regulations for different types of waste and different parties involved. 
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
General Responsibilities:
  • Duty of Care:
    There's a legal "duty of care" regarding waste, meaning individuals and businesses have a responsibility to ensure waste is handled safely and legally. 
  • Prevention, Reuse, Recycling:
    A key principle is to minimize waste generation through prevention, reuse, and recycling. 
  • Proper Disposal:
    Individuals and businesses must ensure their waste is disposed of through authorized channels. 
Specifics:
  • Household Waste:
    Local authorities have a duty to collect household waste. Landlords and tenants have shared responsibilities: landlords must provide adequate bins, while tenants are generally responsible for day-to-day disposal. 
  • Commercial Waste:
    Businesses must manage their waste, including separating recyclables and ensuring proper disposal by authorized carriers. 
  • Waste Carriers:
    Those who transport waste for others must be registered and authorized. 
  • Landlords and Tenants:
    Landlords are responsible for providing bins and ensuring proper recycling, while tenants are generally responsible for disposing of their own household waste. 
  • End-of-Waste:
    Under specific circumstances, materials can be reclassified as non-waste if they meet certain criteria, such as being processed for recycling or reuse. 
Consequences of Non-Compliance:
  • Fines:
    Individuals and businesses can face fines for improperly disposing of waste or failing to comply with waste regulations. 
  • Prosecution:
    In some cases, particularly for serious breaches, individuals or businesses could face prosecution. 
  • Environmental Damage:
    Illegal dumping or improper waste management can lead to environmental damage, such as pollution and harm to wildlife. 
In essence, UK law treats garbage as a resource that needs to be managed responsibly to minimize environmental impact and ensure public health. 
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